They act as a powerful bonding agent, facilitating interactions between friends, mates, and even rivals. Additionally, emotions enable animals to respond adaptively and flexibly in diverse situations, ensuring their survival and well-being.

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According to Frans de Waal, emotions are deeply rooted, initially subconscious states that emerge into consciousness during various situations. His exploration of emotions extends beyond humans to our animal counterparts, particularly primates. Through extensive research and observation, de Waal highlights the striking similarities between human and animal emotions, challenging the traditional notion that emotions are exclusive to humans. From empathy and compassion to jealousy and anger, emotions shape interactions and relationships, within and across species. By bridging the gap between humans and animals in terms of emotions, de Waal invites us to reconsider our understanding of these complex phenomena.

Rather than becoming preoccupied with whether attributing human-like qualities to animals is appropriate, we should be more concerned about the grave error of denying our shared evolutionary history, as de Waal aptly terms it, ‘anthropodenial’. By ignoring the overwhelming evidence of evolution and clinging to the belief that only humans possess the ability to think, feel, and comprehend, we hinder our understanding of our own species. Recognising the principles of evolution compels us to acknowledge the interconnectedness of all life forms. To build genuine and compassionate relationships with the natural world, we must respect and value these profound connections that span across species.